Allotropes of Carbon Essay

Allotropes are the existence of an element in more than one form. Carbon is one of the elements that contain many allotropes. Each allotrope of carbon has its own different properties. The allotropes of carbon are diamond, graphite, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanobuds, amorphous carbon, glassy carbon, lonsdaleite, and carbon nanofoam. Diamond is the best know allotrope of carbon. It is the hardest known natural mineral which makes it very rough. In the structure of the diamond, each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms and has a tetrahedral shape, meaning it is a nonpolar molecule. Diamond has a very melting point and has a density of 3.51 grams per cubic centimeter. Graphite is the second allotrope of carbon. Its atoms of carbon are arranged in layers. Within each layer of carbon atoms, the atoms join to form six-membered rings and each carbon atom is connected to three others. Two of the three bonds is a single covalent bond and the other bond is a double covalent bond. Graphite is very soft and slippery because the layers are not chemically bonded and can slide over the other. Graphite also has electrical conductivity and is less dense than Carbon since its density is 2.22 grams per cubic centimeter. A third allotrope of carbon is the fullerenes. Each atom is bonded to three other atoms of carbon just like in the graphite structure, however, the atoms join to form both five-membered rings and six-membered rings. The chemical properties of fullerenes are still being researched by scientists and they are also studied for potential medical use in the belief that they can be put into specific antibiotics to target bacteria and cancer cells. Another allotrope of carbon is carbon nanotubes. They have a cylindrical or circular cylinder shape. The name nanotube comes from their size because they only have a diameter of a few nanometers. They are made up of layers of graphite in the form of a cylinder and they are often closed at both ends(wikipedia). They exist as single or multi walled nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes have many properties that make them useful in many things. They are extremely strong, and they have special electrical properties. Their  unique electrical properties make them a very good conductor of heat. Nanotubes can be made in two ways. One is by mixing the soot of nanotubes of carbon in water and surfactant. The solution is rotated into a substance that is able to collect the nanotubes. Then a liquid is injected to help the formation of the rectangular shape, which later rolls itself into a cylinder shape. The other way is to decompose methane with a catalyst. Carbon nanobuds are a newly discovered allotrope of carbon. They have fullerene like buds that are covalently attached to the outer walls of nanotubes. It is basically a combination of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. This is because nanobuds have a combination of the useful properties of both nanotubes and fullerenes. Carbon nanobuds are exceptionally good field emitters. Amorphous carbon is the name used for carbon when it does not have any crystalline structure. Some short range order can be seen but there is no long range pattern of atomic position. Amorphous carbon is used to describe the carbon materials found in soot and coal that is neither graphite nor diamond. Another allotrope of carbon is glassy carbon. Glassy carbon is a class of non-graphitizing carbon that is mostly used as an electrode material used in electrochemistry. It was first made by using cellulose but later it started being produced with a similar material phenolic resin. The making of glassy carbon is by taking organic precursors and exposing it to a series of heat treatments. Glassy carbon is impermeable to gases. The oxidation of certain glassy carbons in oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor are much lower then of any other carbon. They are also highly resistant to acids. Lonsdaleite is a hexagonal allotrope of the carbon allotrope diamond. This allotrope is also known as â€Å"hexagonal diamond†. It is believed to be formed when meteoric graphite falls to the Earth. The great heat and stress of the impact causes it to turn into diamond however it retains the graphite hexagonal crystal lattice. Lonsdaleite has a transparent brownish yellow color. It has a hardness of 7-8 on Mohs hardness scale. The reason why it  has a lower hardness then diamond is because of the imperfections in the naturally occurring materials. Lonsdaleite can also be made by the thermal decomposition of a polymer at the atmospheric pressure under argon starting at 110 degrees Celsius. A final allotrope of carbon is carbon nanofoam. It consists of a low density cluster assembly of carbon atoms strung together to form a three dimensional web. Each cluster of carbons are about 6 nanometers wide and have about 4000 carbon atoms that are linked together in graphite like sheets that are given negative curvatures. This is because there are heptagons within the regular hexagonal pattern(saskschools). Carbon nanofoam is a poor conductor of electricity and they have many unpaired electrons. It is believed that the unpaired electrons are due to bonding defects. http://www.chemsoc.org/ExemplarChem/entries/2003/bristol_shanley/carbonallotropes/ http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/chem20/networks/allotrop.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_carbon

Leadership and Tech Final Exam

In my business there are 3 types of Leadership levels there is the lead man that's a technical expert and guides the team through it day to day operations. The there is the first level manager that gives the daily drill down of operations notes and ensures the deliverables are made.. Then the senior manager who's task is the developing the budget, travel keeping the organization fresh with the latest each, and constantly keeping a fresh vision of the organization. 64. Describe a data visualization tool and how it is used. Prize is a great data visualization tool it gives you the ability to, 1.Use visual aids to help communicate your point. 2. It helps you compartmentalize your pitch to segmented parts to build upon the chain of information you trying to convey. 3. Prize gives you the ability to use video, pictures , AR etc to help get your point across. 65. Explain the value to leaders, in using dashboards and data visualization tools. Using a dashboard is value added when compiling any type of metrics and project status. It gives the ability to have a home base of the latest data that everyone can have access to from Eng I/E, MR. , Quality, Operations.Many decisions are based on the database daily such as overtime, manpower distribution, and Eng resources. 66. In the book Progress Makers, the author uses platforms to describe a methodology for incremental transformation. Give one example of leadership transformation using this concept. Use your own thoughts and ideas to express your answer. 67. How do you become Mayor of a location? If a user has checked-in to a venue on more days than anyone else in the past 60 days, and the check-ins re valid under foursquare time and distance protocols, they will be crowned mayor.The user must have a profile picture in order to be crowned â€Å"Mayor† of that venue. Someone else may earn the title by checking in more times than the previous mayor. 68. What is the purpose of a â€Å"special† on foursquare? To g ive the users of foursquare incentives to update data and give them a perks such as coupons for restaurants or apparel shops. Essay 69. (1 0 pits) Describe the difference between leadership in the classic sense and leadership as it relates to the field of technology? Why is it different? The rotational leadership model may include a top down method, which may be antiquated but functional, and gets the job done.The manager will ask the team for certain deliverables and really have no idea of how the deliverable is made and what it takes to get it done. And as long as you have a good team making the deliverables a leader might be able to survive, depending on the strength of his or her team. Technology has changed the nature of classic leadership in some ways, providing some additional challenges. For instance, working in the technology field, a leader must stay current with the latest and greatest technology or his r her group will lose vision and be behind the curve of technology ve ry quickly, rendering them out of date.

Intellectual Capital development through Soft Systems Thinking Essay

Intellectual Capital development through Soft Systems Thinking - Essay Example In truth, all of the components of a business are essential in the systematic flow of finances (Strassman, 1998). This paper discusses the importance and significance of 'intellectual capital' and its impact to a business endeavour through the application of soft systems thinking methods. Intellectual capital can be defined in many ways and its definition usually depends on the economic theory applied to it. The most common definition of intellectual capital states that it is a combination of both instructional (e.g. training materials coming from the employers) and individual capital (e.g. enthusiasm and mindset of an employee) in a financially-productive enterprise. Another common definition is that it is a form of capital that generates intellectual rights. 'Intellectual capital' is assumed to be intangible but is nevertheless significant in any enterprise. It has no monetary value and is not include in the actual accounting but it generates products that are considered to be intellectual in nature (Wikipedia, 2006a). Economic theorists apply the term 'intellectual capital' in most modern financial sectors such as information technology (IT), innovative research, technological protocols and many more fields which are associated because of their use of modern technology. This definition may be due to the emphasis of modern economic theorists to industrial concepts. These definitions may have also originated from the Internet boom of the mid-nineties and the early years of 2000. During this period in history, professionals working on the information and computer technology sectors banded together to form several computer companies, some of which has achieved monumental success which continues up to today. This notion relates to the 1970's-80's 'tulip boom', where the whole world seemed to be entranced with tulips and their complimentary products. During that time, manufacturers and distributors of came up with various permutations of their products as they assigned different prices for each of the combination of tulips and their complimentary products such as pots. In the same way, computer professional constantly repackage and revise their products to market them in some other price group. Many consumers consider this as a sly ploy done by manufacturers for them to buy their products (Wikipedia, 2006a). Leonard-Barton (1992 -1995) emphasised on the significance of knowledge in the formation of creative and innovative ideas on brainstorming activities done by most companies. Her studies reveal that the distribution and dissemination of knowledge to persons that are involved sparks innovation. She believes that the added social interactions done in the brainstorming activities are crucial and proves to be very effective in the creation of new ideas and knowledge for the firm. When persons contribute their own ideas to each other, organisational knowledge is formed thereby increasing the firm's knowledge base and creative capacities. These capabilities are innate to the participants and are not easily copied, obtained or stolen by others forming the so-called 'competitive edge' of the company (Gao et al, 2002). The management of (restricted) knowledge among employees now becomes an actual part of intellectual capital which will provide the necessary 'push' or leverage needed for

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Cultural Diversity in the Workplace - Essay Example Managing cultural diversity in workplace is one of the key objectives of the organization among other concern areas of sustaining productivity as well as quality, total quality management and customer satisfaction. The diversity in the workforce is mainly due to presence of people coming from varying set of backgrounds. They differ in their value systems, culture, beliefs, attitude and behaviour, habits and customs (Henderson, 1994). Thus to bring the entire workforce together on the same platform is extremely significant in terms of bringing them to a common tune of work. The integration of a workforce which is culturally diversified lies at the beneath of the long term success of the organization. The issues to be considered for managing people from an environment of cross-culture are training and development of the employees, organizational dynamics aimed at optimizing the performance of the global managers. The building of confidence to bring out the professionalism of manager ar riving from an international scenario is important. The adaptability to the home environment is required to work in harmony with the organization policies which could be achieved through managing the cultural diversity of the workforce. ... The strategies adopted by organizations are solely based on the data collected by the organizations on the personal trends, labour segments and customer segments. The analysis of the collected data helps the management to understand about the thought process of the diversified set of employees on the developments and progress of the organization. The attitude of the workforce towards their business opportunities and growth could be analyzed from the information collected by the organizations. For international operations, a diversified set of employees in the workforce could prove to be advantageous. The alignment to the different set of cultures, understanding the needs of customers from varying cultural backgrounds and addressing those needs with the help of employees from specific cultural backgrounds help the organizations to attain expansion in the world markets and also to get a competitive advantage. The strategies for managing cultural diversity of the workforce in an organiz ation vary with respect to the ethno-centric, region centric as well as geocentric approaches (Walton, 1994). The ethnocentric approach considers people from different ethnic backgrounds. The region-centric approach considers the members of the workforce from different regional backgrounds. The geocentric approach takes the people from all over the world into consideration for managing the diversity of people from cross-cultural backgrounds. In the present scenario of business expansions, the integration of the host with the international markets and culture is extremely important for the good interest of the organization. The attainment of cultural diversity in business operations is obvious under such situations. Thus the management of cultural diversity is also

Teaching Health and Physical Education in Australian School Article

Teaching Health and Physical Education in Australian School - Article Example From the essay it is clear that  teachers do not have an understanding of the current HPE methods that can have positive impacts in integrating physical education. On the contrary, they hold dear the past methods of teaching HPE while neglecting the new methodologies. Methods such as teaching the games for student understanding and sports education require the teachers to be versed and have the capacity to deliver.   If such methods do not get integrated into the teachers’ learning platforms through continued learning, the children will never have the benefits that come with HPE. Thence, it is crucial to review the curriculum and incorporate the new teaching methods that can foster the teaching of HPE among the children. In so doing, the children will reap the best out of HPE including good health and academic performances.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the paper highlights physical education is imperative among the young school-going children due t o its significant contributions regarding their development. For instance, physical education prevents lifestyle diseases such as high blood pressure and obesity. Further, it has numerous psychological and social benefits where it modifies depression and anxiety. Moreover, it contributes to advanced mental and intellectual capacities. For example, there is a significant relationship between academic achievement and the children’s physical activities. Similarly, physical education bolsters the kids’ recreational skills while enhancing a positive attitude towards exercise.

Management Change Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management Change - Case Study Example In considering the movement of an organization from one country to another, the impact of the international environment has to be considered primarily as the organizational structure is highly influenced by the international marketing environment. In this discussion we focus on the nature of the organizational structure and the impact of the international environment on the company that is analysed here and would also discuss the cultural and non cultural factors that seem to affect an organization that shifts base from one country to another (Axinn and Matthissens, 2006). We examine the organizational structure, also the international environment and business environment on international marketing strategies. The implementation of the marketing mix is also considered along with the effects of internationalization and movements of a company from one country to another (Axinn and Matthissens, 2006; Balmer, 2006). ... The focus is on understanding the dynamics and relationship between the origin and destination markets. The four elements of marketing mix consist of the marketing tactics and deals with price, place, product and promotion. These four Ps are the basic elements of marketing but recent theories on 7Ps have added people, process and physical evidence in the marketing mix (Balmer 2006, Gronroos 1993). These elements are important as what customers and buyers get will depend on the combination of the suitability of the price, the quality or acceptability of the product in the market, promotional services done to sell the product and the place in which the product is being sold. Thus some major issues in marketing success relate to the place in which a product is launched or promoted and if the environment is suitable for the product then it would be considered as successful in terms of place, as the place is in accordance with the expectations of the company if the product sold and the ma rketing techniques used are commensurate with the needs of the environment or social conditions. As place defines the social environment, it is an important ingredient in the success of any marketing program and is a part of the marketing tool as the place will show the marketing environment to be considered as also issues such as how far the local environment is suitable for launch or marketing of the product (Gronroos, 1993; Balmer, 2006). The place involves the cultural as well as social values, the lifestyle of the people, the preferences of the surrounding locals and residents, and the geographical or environmental factors that can affect the sale of a product

Sony Playstation Security Breach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sony Playstation Security Breach - Essay Example Only a single vulnerability is needed for hackers to exploit and put an entire database at risk. In order to avoid such vulnerabilities, database developers and application developers must dance to the same tune. Sony’s data center in San Diego, CA was hacked into on April 19, 2011. The hackers had gained access of customers’ data through Sony’s PlayStation Network servers. This attack on Sony is said to be the largest personal data heist in history with reports estimating that around 77 million Qriocity and PSN users’ accounts and 24.5 million Sony Online Entertainment user accounts were affected. (Better Business Bureau, 2011). Strange activities had been detected by Sony Corporation on their network system. They noticed unauthorized access of the company’s servers. A day after the attack, Sony decided to power down the affected systems and delayed restoration of the PSN services for users in the U.S until May 14. Users were later on required to change their usernames and passwords as an additional way of curbing further attacks. Since the attackers had exploited Sony’s website via its URL, they were thus forced to disable the page temporarily because attackers exploited the URL of Sony’s website (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2011). Unfortunately, this was not the last attack. A series of attacks on Sony’s Online Entertainment services and the PSN were later on executed during the same period. These attacks were carried out on; Sony BMG Greece, Sony BMG Japan, So-Net ISP in Japan, and servers of Sony in Thailand (McMillan, 2011). It was estimated that the personal information of 77 million Qriocity and PSN users, and 24.5 million online entertainment users was stolen. The attackers rummaged through a wealth of information concerning the users and their attributes such as names of users, their addresses, email addresses, and birth dates. Attackers also approached the login information of users such as

The Social and Political Thought of Martin Luther King Essay

The Social and Political Thought of Martin Luther King - Essay Example It was the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a year-long protest in Montgomery, Alabama, that inflamed the American Civil Rights Movement and catapulted King to national fame. In December 1955, 42,000 black residents of Montgomery began a year-long boycott of city buses (Montgomery Bus Boycott)1 to protest racially segregated seating. The Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) was formed and King was elected as its president. That evening King inspired the audience with his words: "There comes a time when people get tired of being trampled over by the iron feet of oppression." With this speech, King was able to ignite the African-Americans' collective outrage into a grassroots movement that would sustain the boycott. King's nonviolent resistance was the mission statement that captained the cause of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, even in the face of violent opposition from the police and the whites. Even though the boycott was challenged throughout by violent protests, King did not let people forget that Christian principles were the base of the protest. He urged the black protestors when faced with violence, to "turn the other cheek". This set the tone for all of King's subsequent campaigns. The protest propelled the Civil Rights Movement into national consciousness and Martin Luther King Jr. into the public eye. In the words of King: "We have gained a new sense of dignity and destiny. We have discovered a new and powerful weapon-nonviolent resistance." After 381 days of intense struggle, African Americans eventually won their fight to desegregate seating on public buses, not only in Montgomery, but throughout the United States. With the success of the Montgomery bus boycott, King had begun his journey along the road of civil rights, whose ultimate destination was the realization of human rights, not only for the blacks but to all the underprivileged of America. Thomas F.Jackson begins his book, "From Civil Rights to Human Rights" by stating "Over the course of his public ministry, between the Montgomery bus boycott of 1956 and the Memphis sanitation workers' Strike of 1968, Martin Luther King, Jr., wove together African American dreams of freedom with global dreams of political and economic equality. King opposed racism, imperialism, poverty, and political disfranchisement in increasingly radical terms. Often he referred to the American civil rights movement as simply one expression of an international human rights revolution that demanded economic rights to work, income, housing, and security." Jackson argues that King's ideas and his socio-political thoughts did not undergo a sudden change towards economic justice in the final few years of his life but had begun taking root even in the initial years of his involvement in the civil rights movement. The fact that the theme of economic justice was central to King's thoughts throughout his career is evident from the way King attacked the unequal distribution of American wealth twice before the NAACP2.He even pointed out to a January MIA mass meeting

Sports Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sports Marketing Plan - Essay Example The prognosis is that while the American economy is recovering from the recent crisis, the recovery will continue to run at a slow pace (Amadeo, 2012b; Dewan, 2012). In the short term, the presidential elections will shape spending and other key factors that impact the economy (Moffatt, 2012). Some US regions will experience more pronounced growth compared to others (Kotkin, 2012) It can be surmised from the available evidence that the regulatory and legal system in the US continues to provide a strong foundation for successful small and medium businesses, and constitute a bulwark for established large multinationals. Legal requirements for gymnastics clubs share many aspects in common with regulations and laws covering small and medium businesses, together with industry-specific aspects, such as insurance coverage to shield owners and employees from injury liability, among other things (Kotkin, 2012; Newman, 2012; Mechanic, 2007; K&K Insurance Group, 2009). Demographic trends include a downward shift in the white majority birth numbers, now constituting less than 50 percent of total new births in the US (Dougherty and Jordan, 2012). As of 2011, out of a population of 313.84 million, 20 percent were 14 years old and below, and about 87 percent were below 65 years old. As of 2007 whites made up close to 80 percent of the population, followed by blacks at 13 percent, Asians at 4.5 percent, and other minorities making up the rest. The large Caucasian majority and the large young population are important demographic characteristics relating to the current and potential target markets for X Gymnastics (Central Intelligence Agency, 2012).. Data from US Gymnastics show that school-age females continue to be the most prolific participants in gymnastics programs all over the United States. Women in general outnumber men in memberships in different gymnastics

ECONOMICS OF POVERTY AND DISCRIMINATION Research Paper

ECONOMICS OF POVERTY AND DISCRIMINATION - Research Paper Example This makes an exploration of this idea complicated by the idea of the life of the person at immanent risk of homelessness as something that is expressive of the perspective of those who define them, and therefore may, wittingly or not, make class-struggle dynamics more a part of the equation than a lot of people may realize. That is, to define those who are at risk and be so explicitly brought down by them, or rather by those who oppress them, suggests a position that is far from an objective experience of the actual life of the homeless, who may or may not be aware of the rituals of definition which make their experience so singularly bitter. From this perspective, the poverty of the individual seems like more of a forced choice than a willing obligation. To avoid confusion, then, those who are immanently homeless still have their basic needs met, which are shelter food and water and clothes. But those who are homeless are beginning to lose these basic needs and lose touch with the society that provides them. This is the main difference in terms of the distinctions of immanent and real homelessness. This sets up a classification system of the poor and homeless, so that it is at least clear exactly about whom someone is speaking when they name the actual and immanent homeless. The definitions which can be provided in terms of this difference are largely classical and do not have the same attenuation that is placed in other sections of experience on modern equivalencies of the welfare state as it exists today; nonetheless, perhaps the classical definitional structure of immanence versus actuality in referring to the poor and homeless is made more clear by its presentation as a set of unchanging categories that includes the poor, the al most-homeless, and the homeless. It seems that this set of categories could be expanded, and that we could expand this definition by adding that although these are specific categories into which the poor and homeless can be

Top 10 Interveiw Question and Answer Essay Example for Free

Top 10 Interveiw Question and Answer Essay Introduce yourself Before I start, I’d like to thank you for give me this opportunity by conducting this interview. My name is Jing Shen, and you can call me Jane, I am from Dailian, I was studying and working in Ireland for last 9 years, I got my Bachelors degree in Accounting and Finance at 2008 from Dublin Business school, and just before that, I got a certificate of Business English issued by higher education and training awards council Ireland. During my study, I also held various part-time jobs, for these jobs, I learned many valuable qualities, e. g. my first job was in a small coffee shop which had only 3 staff, from this job, I learned how to work in a very busy environment both effectively and efficiently. At 2008, I found a job in shell petrol station as a cash counter, from this job, I learned the ability of prudence by conducting daily stock check and cash counting. 2. What is your least likely subject in school and why? I do not have a particularly subject that I don’t like during my study, however, these were few subjects that I had less interest than other, in these cases, I would spend more time on these less interested subject, and over time, these subjects often became more and more interesting to me during the study, on the other hand, for these subjects that I preferred, I naturally would study with pleasure, that why my overall result for every subject was quite balanced. 3. Greatest advantage I think my greatest advantage is taking job/task seriously and have the quality of prudence which probably results from my study of accounting. I am a good team player, I like co-ordinate with others and quite open to take advice/different opinions from others. I enjoy working under pressure and enjoy taking challenges. As result of various part time jobs I have during these years, I am also a very good adaptor, I can learn new suffers in a very short time and transfer them to useful working knowledge. However, sometimes, I perhaps too persevere with a task to take easy for a while; this is probably also result from my study of accounting. 4. Do you think yourself as a good student? In my point of view, to determinate whether a person is a good student should be based on various aspects, rather than exam result alone. I have fairly well exam result, and also quite good personal development in other aspects, for example, I have very good ethical standard, quite diversified working experiences, the spirit of teamwork and excellent communication skills, therefore I think, yes, I am a good student. . Taking about your family I love my family very much, I was raised in a working class family, both of my parents are ordinary factory workers, although there was nothing special of their day to day work, they still love their jobs very much. My father takes his job very seriously and often working very later without any grumbles. My mother is a great person, she is very kind and warm to any one, and happy to help other when they needed, therefore everybody loves her in her factory, by watch them, I learned the ability to working hand, take responsibility in jobs and becomes a honest person. . What is your expectation of the industry and its technology development? 7. For the position that you apply for, what do you think you short of? I think I can handle this position very well, however, I do understand I might be lack of experience for this particular job, I think that I can solve this problem very quickly if I get this job, I am a fast learner, I believe I can quickly integrate into company’s corporate culture and get into a solid working state in a short time. . What kind of salary do you expected? I believe I have the competence and ability to doing this job well, however, as you do not give a very detail description of this job, I think we can talk this question further later. 9. What can you bring to the company? I believe receptionist is a very important position for any company, it can add value to your company in at least 3 areas. Firstly, receptionist is often the first person that clients will meet, I promise I will give them a confident and professional image about our company, if I got this job, I will try to obtain as much knowledge as possible of our products, so I can give client first hand information if they ask. Secondly, I take work quite seriously, and I have quite good memory, therefore, I can give clients better service by memorize their question and requirement, and find most suitable way to dealing these issues. Finally, I can work as a co-coordinator among clients, management and staffs, I also able to give accurate and timely information to any departments when they need it. 10. Do you have any other question? Would you provide any training or development programme for your employees? Could I participating such programme? What are the promotion criteria or development route for your company? 10. What are the most difficult and most successful things during your life so far? For me, the most difficult and successful experience is actual the same thing which is studying in a foreign country. I was only 21 years old when I went to Ireland, before that, I was never away from my parents, at that time, my English is very poor and I did have any marketable skill, I did not know what is my future like, finding a job, learning the English, everything is hard to me at first and I had no one to support me. However, I didn’t give up of myself, by working hard and with my own efforts I overcome these difficulties. In the 9 years which I studied in Ireland , I finished my degree and accomplished 9 of 14 subjects of ACCA exams, and I can proud to say, I earned every penny of the tuition and living fees during my overseas study.

Consumer Buying Behavior And Decision Making

Consumer Buying Behavior And Decision Making Recent research discovered that consumers are just likely to make purchase and to be influenced not only by relatives and peers, by endorsers but also by attitudes, situations and emotion (Olsen et al., 2007). The process of consumer decision making can be viewed as three well defined stages namely the Input, the Process and the Output as shown below (Schiffman, 2005). The Input Stage influences the individuals recognition of a product need and consists of two main sources of information which is the firms marketing efforts in term of its price, promotion, location of the retail outlets and the second source is the external sociological influences on the consumer which includes family, friends, neighbors, social class amongst others. The Process stage emphasizes on the way consumers make their decisions. The psychological factors built-in each individual like motivation, perception, learning, personality and attitudes which affect the way external elements from input stage affects the consumers recognition of a need, pre-purchase search for information and evaluation of alternatives. The output stage comprises of two related post-decision activities namely the purchase behaviour and post-purchase evaluation. A low-cost and non-durable product may be influenced by the manufacturers coupon and may actually be a trial purchase. The consumer evaluates the product through direct use. For a relatively durable product such as a laptop, the consumer decision-making model is examined in greater depth (Schiffman, 2005). 2.1 Factors influencing Consumer Buying decision 2.11 Cultural Factors In a sense, culture is a societys personality (Wayne, 2008). According to Hawkins (2009), culture is defined as the sum of total learned belief, values and customers that serve to direct the consumer behavior of members of a particular society. Individual are brought up to follow the beliefs, values and customs of their society and to avoid behavior that is considered as taboo. (Graham, 2009). Overall societies are segmented into subcultures. The sub-cultural divisions are based on nationality, religion, geographic locality, race, age and sex. 2.12 Social Factors A reference groups are groups that serves as frames of reference for individuals in their purchase or consumption decisions. Indirect reference group consist of groups with whom a person does not have direct face to face contact, such as movie stars, TV personalities, sports heroes or even interesting-looking people on the street (Graham, 2009). An individual who has little or no experience with a durable product is more likely to seek out the advice or example of others (Solomon et al., 2009). When consumers are concerned with obtaining accurate information about the performance or quality of a product or service, they are likely to be persuaded by those whom they consider trustworthy and knowledgeable (Hoyer et al., 2007). Appeals by celebrities and other reference group are used very effectively to communicate with their market. For many consumers, their family is their primary reference group for many attitudes and behavior. The members of a family assume specific roles in their everyday functioning, such roles or tasks extend to realm of consumer purchase decisions. 2.13 Psychological Factors Psychological factors arousing within individuals relatively drive general behavior of consumers and thus affect their behavior. The main influences on consumer behavior are personality and self-concept, motivation, learning and perception (Sorensen, 2009). 2.14 Individual Factors Demographic variables are individual characteristics which consist of occupation, sex, income, origin, ethnic, race and age (Kanuk,1999). 2.2 Organizational Buying Behavior The decision making process by which formal organizations confirm the need for products and services to be purchased, consider and select among alternative suppliers and brands (Glavee, 2009). (Hutt, 2009), as an outcome of the vast area of prior research, proceeded the characterization of the industrial buying behavior divided into three major aspects: The Buying Process, The buying Centre and Factors influencing the buying centre. As Kelly (2007), the buygrid model is a conceptual model, which describes the different combinations of buying phases and buying situations. It incorporates three types of buying situations: (1) the new task, (2) the straight re-buy, and (3) the modified re-buy, combined with eight phases in the buying decision process. The model serves as an easy framework for visualizing the otherwise complex business buying process and enables the vendor to identify the critical phases and situation requiring specific types of information. 2.3 The Buying Centre As Hutt (2009) mentioned, companies do not buy, people do. It is of utmost importance to have a concrete knowledge about those involved in the buying decision making process of the goods or services that a vendor aim to sell. It has been indicated that many individuals are pertained in the buying process of industrial goods. 2.4 Roles of the Buying Centre members Buyers are known to assume some common roles in a buying process (Wind, 1967). These roles are classified into six groups which are shown below. Initiator is the one or group of individuals who become aware of a company problem and recognize that the problem can be solved via acquisition of a product or service. The influencers are those who have a say in whether a product or service is bought or not. The more critical a purchase is to companys business, the higher the number of influencers. Gatekeepers usually act as problem or product experts. They have information about a range of vendor offerings. Other buying centre members therefore rely on their information for their assessment of prospective vendors offerings. Thus, by controlling information, and, by having access to decision makers in the firm, the gatekeepers largely determine which vendors get the chance to sell. Deciders are those who make the actual purchase decision. For instance, they say yes or no to what vendors offer. The buyer is one who makes arrangements for the delivery of the goods. He is also often directly involved in negotiating the conditions under which the transactions will be made. Users are those who usually make use of the products in normal working process. 2.5 Factors influencing the buying process and the buying centre Different attributable influences that affect the buying process and the buying centre previously addressed ( Nielson, 2008) : Aspects influencing the buying process Brief description Organizational Technology, goal, task, actors, structure. Interpersonal Formal authority, persuasiveness Personal Status, politics, ethics. Environmental Physical, economic, technological, legal, political and cultural. 2.6 WOM in Consumer Environment Word of mouth is about disseminating information by verbal communication, particularly references including general information in an informal or person-to-person approach. Word of Mouth is usually regarded as a verbal communication, although web dialogue, such as, message boards, emails and blogs (Olson et al., 2010). 2.7 WOM influencing consumer buying behavior WOM is considered to be of utmost importance in shaping consumers attitudes and behaviors. Silverman (2011), studied the diffusion of technology products and concluded that the pattern of ownership may be justified by the presence of an effective network consisting of neighbours exchanging product information. Songe (2006) pointed out that WOM is the most essential source of influence in the purchase of technology and household goods. It is three times effective as radio advertising, newspapers and magazines. 2.8 Characteristics of WOM WOM can be seen as positive as well as negative (Jantsh, 2010). Negative WOM arose when consumers gather information on lack of service, high prices or impolite sales personnel. PWOM is a reference to the passing of positive information. Scharffer (1998) indicated that dissatisfied customers made complain twice than when they are satisfied. Goodman (2009) justified that the services recovery programmes, service guarantees and complaints process affect the direction of WOM. WOM is considered to be an unlimited activity to consumers. The WOM activity can be perceived as a function where the individuals with whom the organization and its employees come into contact like the customers, suppliers, competitors, the general public, or other stakeholders (Misner, 1999). Throughout a decision making process, WOM may be employed at different stages. WOM can be used before or after a purchase. The use of WOM in a pre-purchase stage is referred to as input WOM and Output WOM is issued after the purchase (Assael, 1997). The effectiveness of WOM is far from being unnoticed. Some organizations regard customer WOM as one of the most strong marketing tool (Wilson, 1994). According to Scharffer (1998), marketers attempt to directly influence opinion leaders, incite WOM communication in advertising or depict communications form opinion leaders. 2.9 The Nature of WOM Nail (2002), distinguished three main types of WOM communications in an evaluation on personal influence in buying technology products namely product information, private experience and recommendation. Product information is informing about the product such as benefits of the products. Private experience includes explanations about reasons for purchasing the product. Recommendation refers to point of views about the product. These categorization implies that WOM attends to inform and to influence. Product news, for example, is efficient in bringing awareness about a product and its features. Listening about the experiences of the product from a friend help the consumer in evaluating the absolute merits of one brand or another. Eventually through the perceptions of others, advice is essential in making the purchase decision stage (Solomon et al., 2009). 2.10 Opinion leaders and followers According to Rosen (2002), mass media messages are caught and disseminated by opinion leaders. He also pointed out that mediated communication are circulated to opinion leaders who disseminate it through WOM to their peers. This in turn exert some influences. According to his theory, opinion leaders are present in all groupings of society and may be persuasive on specific topic (Songe, 2006). Lois (2007), could not differentiate between followers and opinion leaders. In his research, he inclined to talk of influencers rather than opinion leaders. He pointed out that influencers are active information searcher, more dependent and more innovative. The follower is active and may ask for information as well as considering opinions of others Those who diffuse information are also likely to receive it which denote that opinion leaders are also followers and vice versa. Wilson (1994) has certified that there is a dominance of personal influence in decision making. In his study, Hutt (2009) added that people who received positive WOM about a new product were more likely to purchase it rather than those who received negative WOM. The powerful effect of WOM is linked to various factors. There are situations where consumers referrals are perceived as being more rational and reliable than commercial sources of information (Rosen, 2002). Dialogues with either friends or relatives tend to be friendly and can help for trying out certain behaviours. Potential consumers of a particular product can acquire some of the product experience by searching for someone who has acquired recent experience with the product (Silverman, 2011). 2.11 Importance of WOM in service sector Good service is essential to promote positive WOM. Consumers depend largely on personal communication with other customers since their experiences are regarded as a trial (Goodman, 2010). Wilson (1994), in turn found that services consumers choose to search for reference from relative and peers rather than promotional sources. Customers are skeptical. They do not believe anymore about what they see or hear. (Kelly, 2007). According to Finch (2003), it is considerable when reference groups are likely to influence especially when the customer is dealing with a decision process and the purchase of the product involve certain risk. Proctor (1995) noted the individuals who have ongoing involvement are more prone to be opinion leaders. Consumers would rather seek information from friends and family if risk is likely to emerge when making a purchase (Scharffer, 1998). 2.12 Motives for engaging in WOM communication Finch (2003), concluded that there are a multitude of reasons for engaging in WOM communication. Sernovitz (2009), supported with evidence that those who disseminate information are certainly those who are experiencing the product. The involvement in the product-related decision is an essential component in personal communications. According to Songe (2006), WOM communication is the basic interest in the product category concerning ongoing involvement. Individuals who have an enduring interest in a product category experience satisfaction in discussing about it (Wilson, 1994). Additionally, Rosem (2002), pointed out that WOM communication is usually introduced to remove any doubt about product choice. According the theory of Wilson (1994), a consumer may try to decrease discomfort by explaining the positive aspects of a recently purchased product to peers and family. Furthermore, purchasing the similar product by a friend or relative proves the original judgment of the consumer (Skubal, 2002). Discussing about the product may likely to drive people to personal satisfaction (Songe, 2006). 2.13 Post-Purchase Decision-Making Negative WOM is known to be a framework of customer complaining behaviour. Harris (2008) suggested that consumers can either express their dissatisfaction or end up the relationship when confronting with unmet expectations. Furthermore, Burg (2005) classified three main reactions to dissatisfaction namely switching to another brands or substitute, making a complaint to the retailer or personnel and finally informing others about the unsatisfactory product or service. Concerning minor dissatisfaction consumers are not likely to complain nor do they spread negative WOM (Finch, 2003). When the level of dissatisfaction is important, consumers are more likely to complain (Kelly, 2007). Goodman (2009), referred that after purchases, consumers are likely to engage in a post-purchase evaluation of the product. If the consumer is not satisfied, psychological discomfort may occur. 2.14 Pre-Purchase DM According to Scharffer (1998), WOM is seen as a process through which consumers convey both informational influence in evaluation of the product and the purchase intention of fellow consumers. This type of information can thus be expressed according to the choice of the referral source or the task of selecting the product (Lees, 2007). 2.15 WOM has a powerful influence on organizational DM WOMC is thus considered as a growing necessity in B2B markets. According to Neilsen (2000) , WOM consists of informal communications directed by consumers at other consumers about ownership or characteristics of particular goods or services and or their sellers. WOM is perceived as an exit outcome to dissatisfaction with the product quality it can be perceived a behavioral manifestation of a latent loyalty towards the supplier or the brand (Canning, 2007). The WOM system is referred to a network where personal, verbal, face to face communication take place. It is also defined as the attribute of the information dealt and how these information would determine the role of the participants (Balter et al., 2009). 2.16 Provision of WOM While in any prevailing WOM circumstances, recommendations, opinions, information are likely to succeed in both ways. Emotions influence how decisions are formulated. In B2B purchase, the buyer does not encounter the overall benefit of the solution and may not be compensated for making a good purchase, but a bad purchase can damage the reputation and job security of the buyer. The study of Prahalad (2004) revealed that organizational buying decisions are normally influence fear. Organizational buyers tend to reduce fear by reducing risk. Personal risk is mostly hidden from the rational process and is considered as an important factor in B2B buying. Like in quality judgments, satisfaction can result to positive WOM through an exit, voice and loyalty logic argument (Nielson, 2002). To such a degree that satisfaction has affective bases, the statement specified earlier about the influence to WOM route has validity as well (Robins, 2008). The involvement with a product certainly provides a person with the motivation and ability to come up with product-related conversations with others. Like Jantsch (2010), observed an individuals frequent engagement with a product or service brings out to overflowing thoughts and emotions that can easily recalled in WOM experiences, frequently willfully so, in order to clear out the tension or the experience. Dissatisfaction with a product presumed to be essential by the individual is particularly filled with WOM potential (Balter et al. 2009). Researchers have been able to separate several product-related factors that reduce the occurrence and extent of WOM activity. Price awareness for product, for one, has been encountered to correspond remarkably with WOM transmission. Preceding a dissatisfactory experience, individuals have demonstrated to participate in more or less WOM conversations depending on the seriousness and controllability and composure of the problem (Bowman, 2009), as well as the perceived likelihood of a favorable redress (Wilson, 2006). Positive outcomes concerning complaint handling and redress, like the diffusive and synergetic justice of the redress orientation and the convenience of recovery, can lead positive consequences for a provider as individuals have the tendency to respond to positive things about the provider (Balter et al., 2009). 2.17 Strategies for managing risks Rosen (2009) introduced three strategies for managing risk namely: Approved supplier list. B2B buyers are prone to select companies they already know. If a member from the buying centre has pre-approved a supplier, the risk is reduced even if it is not the right solution. Word of mouth for example colleagues and friends. User communities are one of the main sources of information for researching B2B purchases. A recommendation from a credible source tend to reduce risk. Word of mouth from existing suppliers. A good representative build good relationship with their suppliers to create a credible source for referrals. 2.18 Buyers seek personal recommendation The most influential channels across decision making process were blogs, word of mouth, websites, trade journals and other form of media. According to Nail (2002), organizational buyers valued WOM communication which provide a personal recommendation. 2.19 The Buying Process Bowman (2009) made the conclusion that B2B buying is a decision process driven by the emotions of the people involved. Business buyers are mostly motivated to reduce personal risk of making mistakes. The decision making process in the B2B environment is not an easy task. Generally doers are those making the purchase of the product or service. The buyer has the entire responsibility for reducing corporate risk. The presence of a broad chain of gatekeepers in organizations means determine the level of complexity in decision-making process in B2B environment. In the B2B environment, decision making process is much more puzzling where there is no specific decision-maker across organizations (Nail, 2002). Graham (2009) implied that in an organization there is a gatekeeper who is allowed to share ideas and information to the members in the buying centre. Both the doers and the buyers need to search for information in the buying process. B2B website should take into consideration the information needs of those who search the Internet. Person to person meetings are crucial to reach the emotional needs of prospects. Building credible relationship through person to person meetings with both doers and buyers is necessary in the complex decision making process. Analytical plan offer recommendations about which options and information to consider or to reject. This help the organization to facilitate decisions to their relevant core. 2.20 The impact of Social Media Robins (2008) declared that online channel, precisely the social media occupied an essential role in how research is proceeded and finally the decision on business purchases in the future. Social media like Website, Blogs or Facebook are also considered to be influential. Inactive channels like the press advertising are equally influential. Robins (2008) pointed out that decision-makers need to search social media channels for information to their actions. Colleagues and peers add value to decision and thus minimizing risks (Siguardarson, 2000). Factors like the ability to learn from experiences of others, the ability to access to information and the ability to communicate with others. According to the study of Robins (2008), B2B buyers refer to trade journals as well as professional online media for B2B decision making. The study also regards word of mouth and personal reference from professional colleagues or peers which is considered as the most influencing source in buying decisions. According to the study of Fader (2010), there is a noticeable change in the influence of supplier websites at the beginning of the purchasing process. He further characterized websites as very influential. Personal recommendation is clearly approved as the most valuable factor in B2B purchasing decisions. Channel like Trade journals, Website, Blogs and Facebook are seen as large influencers concerning the provision of information to help buyers identify potential suppliers. Buyers and deciders are personally involved in the final decision making process. The members in the buying centre regularly used word of mouth and supplier websites as sources of information (Bowman, 2009). Mass media is a mean of reaching directly opinion leader, follower or the gatekeeper (Jantsch, 2010). According to Santeller (2010), the gatekeeper is considered as a source of information to both opinion leaders and followers. The research of Hoyer et al. (2006) showed that diffusion of social of social media is increasing constantly. According to the study of Sorensen (2009), some B2B buyers prefer to use of social media channels while others refer more to traditional information channels. He further observed that B2B buyer opted for issue-based information from supplier websites as a main source of information at the beginning of the buying process. Furthermore the level of influence are reduced towards later stages.

Examples Of The Company Suffering From Bad Publicity

Examples Of The Company Suffering From Bad Publicity Greenpeace distributed an argumentative video on YouTube about Nestlà ©s source for palm oil for their products. The targeted product was the Kit Kat bar and the video play off the Kit Kat slogan Have a break, Have a Kit Kat. Greenpeace said that Nestlà ©s source have a dirty hands in ruining a rainforests which were natural habits for orangutans. Furthermore, Greenpeaces video also imitative Kit Kats commercial by starting by a bored office worker tearing paper for his boss for hours. He pulls out a Kit Kat bar and bites into it without noticing or caring that the Kit Kat is actually a bleeding orangutan finger, and leaks blood all over his face and keyboard. In this case, Nestle took a quick action removed the video. By today technology, there is still had a way to let YouTube user repost the video. The users started reposting the video all over the internet and the more internet users repost the video all over the internet, and the more videos is taken down, the more videos will added. *What is companys brand positioning? (March 2012) http://www.nestle.com/csv/nutrition/positionedproducts Affordable and nutritious Nestle targeted customer with products that are nutritious, cheaper and tasty. Popularly Positioned Products (PPPs) supply high nutritional value by affordable cost and in suitable formats to send the needs of some 3 billion lower-income consumers worldwide. Their current PPPs spread from culinary products to beverages, to dairy and biscuit with over 400 products are sold under some global brands such as Maggie and Nescafe. These actions bring 30-40% improvement in market penetration within lower-income customers in the last 2 years and increase distribution of Maggie noodles by advertise about affordability and healthy messages. * Provide some information about a recent marketing campaign. http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/marketing-gone-wild-candy-bars-stalk-you Nestle company launch a promotion called We will find you that find by GPS trackers which the shape alike normal chocolate bars. When a winning customer opens the wrapper, it will activates and send a message to the prize team who tracking them down within 24 hours to deliver a check for  £10,000. This chocolate product can find from KitKat Chunky, Yorkie Milk, KitKat 4 Finger and Aero Peppermint Medium. London showed off this video of Nestle using cutting edge geolocation technology to track down six lucky winners across the UK and Ireland. They believe that this promotion will particularly invoke to men, fascinating them to the chocolate singles category and thus driving increasing sales. Nestlà © Confectionery is delighted to be first to market with this highly innovative GPS for the promotion. During August 2010, Brazil was the first to use GPS, drop it into a product to track you and take marketing promotions to a whole new creepy yet innovative level. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Corporate Social Responsibility is defined a concept which the company incorporate social and environmental concerns in business operations and interactions with stakeholders on voluntary basis. Does the company promote a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees and communities? http://www.ukessays.co.uk/essays/communications/nestle.php Nestle shown great concern for the society though the launch of their concept of Corporate Social Responsibility in 2006, Creating Shared Value (CSR).after the launch of CSR, Nestle undertaken many projects to help the society. A great project that brought significant change to society is The Cocoa Plan project to facilitate African cocoa farmers and the society take advantage of setting market prices by growing their productivity. Nestle funded farmer schools in West Africa to learn better ways which able to produce higher quality cocoa and increase revenue. Not only that, Nestle built a development and research centre that work in hand with Nestle plant science base. Nestle as a partner of International Cocoa Initiative and the World Cocoa foundation solved problems, example child labour and lack of access of education and health such as send farmers to field schools educates the farmer the way to increase productivity and also educated of diseases and prevention ways. In this case , the increasing of income for those West African household enhance their lifestyles. Between that, the dramatically of boosting of production of cocoa increase their exports and conversely decrease their foreign owing. There are also can learn new skills, study the technology and share useful information among the locals who sent to work. http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/nestle/business-principles-in-action-nutritional-labelling/ethics-and-business-principles.html#axzz2L5lKmRxZ Nestle developed two business principles that focused on communications with consumers. One of the business principle is Nestle consumer communication should reflect moderation in food consumption and not encourage overeating especially important regarding children. Another one of the business principle is must combine the desire for healthy and balanced diets. Their advertising must not mean the reposition of meals with snack foods and heavy snacking. Nestle helps consumers recognize and understand the nutritional content of the food that they bought. This is a positive impact on the reputation of the company. Consumers can be know the Nestle behaving responsibly and communicating with them. They also facilitate and promote healthy living for their staffs. Nestle company linked to the Guideline Daily Amounts on the front of packs with the internal communication programme to tell staffs about GDAs and labeling system. In this case, it can help to motivate staffs as showed nestle care d about their well-being and their families.

South Beach Diet Essay -- Health, Diet

History of South Beach Diet The South Beach Diet is a diet plan designed by cardiologist Arthur Agatston and dietician Marie Almon. In 1995, Dr. Agatston developed a diet to prevent heart disease for his cardiac and diabetes patients. According to the South Beach Diet website, Agatstaion knew that a low-fat diet would reduce cholesterol and prevent heart disease, but patients had a hard time sticking to the diet. Agatson wanted to find out the reason why his patients had a hard time sticking to the low-fat diet. So he turned to David Jenkins, who was working with insulin resistance. After researching with Jenkins, Agatstion found out the reason why the low-fat diets was not working because patients on low-fat diets where consuming more simple sugars and carbohydrates which was causing the insulin resistance and cycles of hunger. Also Agastaion was investigating the low-carbohydrate diet but he felt it didn’t have enough fiber and had too much saturated fats. Agagaston wanted balance in his diet so it wou ld produce the best results. (South Beach Diet Online, 2010) Agatstion made the The South beach Diet based on eating healthy carbohydrates and fats and eliminating the bad carbohydrates and fats. According to Mary Hager in her article â€Å"The South Beach Solution†, the South Beach beach diet cuts out the bad fats which are the saturated fats that include hydrogenated oils and trans fat. Also it cuts down the bad carbohydrates, the refined and process foods. Hager states â€Å"His plan emphasizes eating the good fats--olive and canola oils--and good carbs, including vegetables, legumes and whole grains.†(Hager,2004,p.63) After Agatston developed the South diet based on these principles, he started to do assessments on his patients who... ...on how to follow Phase 1 (the first two weeks) and Phase 2 (the next ten weeks) of the South Beach Diet, eating three meals and two snacks per day.† The results of the research showed that after Phase 1, the participants descrease weight, body percentage, and waist circumference. The results by the participants blood tests and the researchers concluded that the South Beach Diet helped the participants with their loss of weight and body fat. Evaluate the Nutritional Adequacy of the Diet South beach Diet during the first phase is not a well balance diet. Phase 1 focuses on mainly the meat, vegetable, diary, and oil food groups; leaving out the grains and fruit group. In order to well balance diet you need to have all the groups incoraprated into the diet. After Phase 2 the diet is less restricted and is more balanced because it incorporates all the food groups. South Beach Diet Essay -- Health, Diet History of South Beach Diet The South Beach Diet is a diet plan designed by cardiologist Arthur Agatston and dietician Marie Almon. In 1995, Dr. Agatston developed a diet to prevent heart disease for his cardiac and diabetes patients. According to the South Beach Diet website, Agatstaion knew that a low-fat diet would reduce cholesterol and prevent heart disease, but patients had a hard time sticking to the diet. Agatson wanted to find out the reason why his patients had a hard time sticking to the low-fat diet. So he turned to David Jenkins, who was working with insulin resistance. After researching with Jenkins, Agatstion found out the reason why the low-fat diets was not working because patients on low-fat diets where consuming more simple sugars and carbohydrates which was causing the insulin resistance and cycles of hunger. Also Agastaion was investigating the low-carbohydrate diet but he felt it didn’t have enough fiber and had too much saturated fats. Agagaston wanted balance in his diet so it wou ld produce the best results. (South Beach Diet Online, 2010) Agatstion made the The South beach Diet based on eating healthy carbohydrates and fats and eliminating the bad carbohydrates and fats. According to Mary Hager in her article â€Å"The South Beach Solution†, the South Beach beach diet cuts out the bad fats which are the saturated fats that include hydrogenated oils and trans fat. Also it cuts down the bad carbohydrates, the refined and process foods. Hager states â€Å"His plan emphasizes eating the good fats--olive and canola oils--and good carbs, including vegetables, legumes and whole grains.†(Hager,2004,p.63) After Agatston developed the South diet based on these principles, he started to do assessments on his patients who... ...on how to follow Phase 1 (the first two weeks) and Phase 2 (the next ten weeks) of the South Beach Diet, eating three meals and two snacks per day.† The results of the research showed that after Phase 1, the participants descrease weight, body percentage, and waist circumference. The results by the participants blood tests and the researchers concluded that the South Beach Diet helped the participants with their loss of weight and body fat. Evaluate the Nutritional Adequacy of the Diet South beach Diet during the first phase is not a well balance diet. Phase 1 focuses on mainly the meat, vegetable, diary, and oil food groups; leaving out the grains and fruit group. In order to well balance diet you need to have all the groups incoraprated into the diet. After Phase 2 the diet is less restricted and is more balanced because it incorporates all the food groups.

Europe: The Land Of Self-Discovery Essay -- Personal Narrative Travel

Europe: The Land Of Self-Discovery Every person has, in the course of his or her life, experienced some event that can be identified as life changing. This event can be an emotional enlightenment or a physical change that alters one’s mindset. Such a clarifying incident can happen at any time. However, I believe that such an event might not occur during the first eighteen years of a person’s life. Lucky for me, I have had an experience that I believe changed my outlook on life. The summer before my freshman year in college I went on a seven-week backpacking trip throughout the European continent. I visited ten different countries during the course of my trip, and each country, changed me in a certain way. Some countries made more of an impact than others, but each had enough significance so as to make a noticeable change. In this essay I will outline what I experienced in each country and what that country did to change my outlook on life, and I will explain to the reader why I belie ve that this trip would have a similar impact on each and every one of them. The first country that I visited was Great Britain. My two friends and I stayed in London, which is the largest city in Great Britain. When I first got to Great Britain I did not see much of a difference between it and the United States. Everyone there spoke the same language as me, and it seemed as if the culture was influenced heavily by the United States. However, first impressions can be deceiving because I would come to learn that Great Britain had a great deal to offer. My little group set out to learn everything about London. We visited local landmarks and museums. All in all, I think that London had the aura of a larg... ...eled to Madrid and Seville. Seville has the third largest church in Europe, and this church was built on the remnants of a mosque after the Christians had burned it down. I thought everything in these two cities was amazing. I would say that Spain introduced me to a whole to concept of life; the idea that one should party till four in the morning and just nap the next day. All in all, I think that Europe changed my outlook on life. I used to think that I would want to live in a huge city, but after being in huge cities and comparing them with smaller cities that I know I no know that I want to live in a small town. I would also love to live abroad for a period of time in my life. I think that everyone should go on a trip covering a foreign land. It is a way to realize what is important to you in life, and will always be a memorable experience.

Suicide :: essays research papers

Suicide As I researched suicide I found that the numbers are staggering. Suicide is the ninth leading cause of death in the US, with 31,204 deaths recorded in 1995. It was at number eight on the list in 1998, and as the numbers are steadily increasing it threatens to move up the list. This approximates to around one death every seventeen minutes. There are more suicides than homicides each year in the United States. In 1993, the suicide rate was 11.3/100,000. Two-thirds of all suicides under the age of 25 were committed with firearms (accounting for most of the increase in suicides from 1980 to 1992). The second most common method was hanging, third was poisoning. 61% of all suicides involve firearms. From 1952 to 1992 suicides among teens nearly tripled. Today, it is the third leading cause of death for teenagers aged 15-19 (after motor vehicle accidents and unintentional injury). Suicide is increasing, particularly for teens and for those over 65. In young people, the suicide rate is relatively low (13.5/100,000 in 1993), but it is still a leading cause of death. In older people, the suicide rate is very high, but it is not a leading cause of death (in white males over 85, the suicide rate in 1993 was 73.6/100,000). In all age groups, men commit suicide successfully more than women (around four times as much). However, females are more likely to attempt suicide than males do. In 1998, white males accounted for 73% of all suicides. Together, white males and white females accounted for over 90% of all suicides. In teenagers, the average ratio is 5.5:1. The ratio increases with age within this group. (http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pub-res/10lc92c.htm / http://www.befrienders.org/info/statistics.htm) The previously listed facts are staggering and a surprise to most. Another surprising or should I say confusing area is depression and its relation to suicide. Most suicides occur by people who are suffering from depression. Certain life difficulties such as the loss of a loved one, divorce, stress at work, or a series of disappointments can contribute to depression. And sometimes, depression may just run in the family. More than 19 million Americans, approximately one in 10 adults, suffer from depression each year. Everyone feels sad at some point, but what doctors call clinical depression is very different from just being "down in the dumps." The main difference is that the sad or empty mood doesn't go away after a couple of weeks, and everyday activities like sleeping, socializing or working can be affected.

Employment Law and Compliance Plan Essay

Atwood and Allen Consulting Bradley Stonefield Limousine Service Recruitment and Selection Strategies Recommendations Atwood and Allen Consulting Bradley Stonefield Limousine Service Recruitment and Selection Strategies Recommendations The Bradley Stonefield Limousine Service Company has been established to providetransportation to public. The first step is recruitment and selection of prospective new employees that will organize and man the business. The Human Resource Department must explore resources to find right candidates. Recruitment and selection team must addressing the job responsibilities and scope of work of each new position. The staffing process is normally divided into recruitment phase and the selection phase. Recruitment is the searching and attracting of job seekers and the selection is the part job seekers are chosen to get the offer to fill the vacant position. The Bradley Stonefield Limousine Service Company first step is planning human resource. Develop policies, system, procedure and goal setting and method of performance appraisal. Bradley Stonefield Limousine Service Company interviews should have standard company operating procedures and recruitment policies that take care of the recruitment process. These policy, systems, procedures were prepared and approved by Bradley Stonefield. It will be reviewed yearly to ensure compliance to new laws and new business environment or requirement. The Human Resource will periodically review and assess the current and futurehuman resource requirements.The Bradley Stonefield Limousine Service Company formal recruitment process begins when Bradley Stonefield decide or announce the start of the operation of his business. Look more:Â  google recruiting process essay Bradley Stonefield makes that decision because he will have to finance the whole endeavor or business. HR staff initiates the request and documentation. The recruitment request will be evaluated by Bradley Stonefield. He will take several factors in consideration in making his evaluation together with his HR staff. Among the factors he will have to consider are postings, the requirements, the financial constraint, and so forth. Once he approved the recruitment process it will be a go to implement. The job description and person specification is to be prepared by HR staff in consultationwith Bradley Stonefield. These will contain the details of duties and responsibilities to be performed by the selected individual. The Bradley Stonefield Limousine Service Company will advertise the job opening in major media of mass circulation and community service bulletins. The Bradley Stonefield Limousine Service Company will shortlist candidates for interview. If the applicant meets all the essential criteria defined in the job description the next process is the interview phase. The Bradley Stonefield Limousine Service Company will conduct a two part interview sessions two sessions for drivers. First is the personality, background, skillset interview, which is the preliminary interview. This also includes the authentication of driver’s license and drug test. Before the preliminary interview start, the candidates are required to fill application form. It will contain information such as the applicant’s personal biodata, job experiences, and reason for leaving previous employment. Successful candidates in the first interview will be required to come back for the second interview. Bradley Stonefield and HR staff will make decision who to hire. All candidates will be asked the same questions and will be presented the same situational scenario or event. All questions will be job related to determine the suitability of the applicant to the position being filled out, whether that is a limousine driver or customer service receptionist The Bradley Stonefield Limousine Service Company policies will serve as a guideline and administer the company employment process. The hiring procedure ensures that the most qualified candidates is selected. Bradley Stonefield uses a rigorous recruitment and selection process, which complies to the equal opportunity policy. The Bradley Stonefield Limousine Service Company recruitment strategies in vital in finding top talent. The recruitment strategies that are implemented by Bradley Stonefield Limousine Service Company are as follows: 1.) Recruiting through Internet. One of the advantages of using the internet is that it is easily accessible by anyone. 2.) Referrals. Recommended by friends, colleagues, acquaintances. 3.) Advertisements. Advertise job vacancies in the of newspapers great circulation. Again, it is extremely important that the selection process be evaluated regularly to verifyand confirm that the right applicants or employees have been selected or chosen. If Bradley Stonefield Limousine Service Company if the company has significant turnover in a given position, the process of recruitment and selection must be changed. People are a major component of any business, and the management of people (or human resource management, HRM) is a major part of every manager’s job. It is also the specialized responsibility of the HR department. HRM involves five major areas: staffing, retention, development, adjustment, and managing change. Together they compose the HRM system, for they describe a network of interrelated components. The HRM function is responsible for maximizing productivity, quality of work life, and profits through better management of people. Hiring manager, like Bradley Stonefield, must focus on recruiting activities aimed at attracting the right candidates for the job. Based on the needs and forecasts for future needs, Bradley Stonefield will need to direct his efforts toward the best option for recruiting the right candidates. For instance, focusing on traditional newspaper advertisements is appropriate for driver positions with the Bradley Stonefield Limousine Service Company. Selecting the right candidate requires identifying the specific skills, knowledge and qualities you seek and desire in a worker. This can pertain to the necessary skills and knowledge for the position itself, such as a specific degree or certification, and the desired personal qualities, such as a preference to hire employees with good moral and ethical standards. Other important parts of the selection process include conducting any necessary aptitude tests and conducting a thorough background check to ensure the employee meets the basic qualifications of both the position and the company.

Accept and Parents Essay

Explain what is meant by partnership model of working with careers: A partnership model works around the theory of collaboration, coming together with understanding and effectives ways of communicating. It’s a way that helps to recognise how the very best outcomes can happen for children when their care, development and learning provision ie. a setting, a home, individuals and groups/family all work cooperatively. Give one example and then evaluate how your work in the setting reflects the need to work in partnership with parents or careers Cypop 1:5. Learning journeys are given to parents every six weeks, it gives the parents an in-depth account of the child’s, work, activity’s, development stage and interests, it shows pictures and examples of work. This reflects the partnership with parents. What reasons might parents and carers have for not working in partnership with the early years setting: There could be a range of reasons why parents and carers have for not working in partnership with the early years setting such as; fear of communicating, a lack of time due to a job, personal reason e.g. bereavement or divorce, knowing the teacher outside of school. How might these barriers to participate be overcome: These barriers could be overcome by positive communication- a parent to teacher conference, gain there confidence and trust by spending time with them, make time for working parents, time that suits them- home visits, meet their additional needs. Some parents may react negatively to partnership opportunities. W hat strategies could you use to encourage and support them In this area? It’s important to understand that not all parents wish to take part with working in partnership and some parents may react in a negative manner but by not putting any pressure on them it may result in them having a more positive attitude. Some carers may find it difficult to accept their child needs assessments to identify possible learning difficulties this can be helped with being sensitive and listening to any concerns the parent may have and offering lots of support and information and give plenty of time for discussions, explain that they will be informed about any changes and that their child will not be singled out. If parents/carers are still not happy get SENCO to offer advice and also the head teacher to offer support to the parents and staff. Parents tend to accept it more if it’s about their child’s learning but find it more difficult to accept if it’s about their child’s behaviour. It’s important to listen to what the carers and the child are saying and trying your best to explain it’s in the best interest of the child giving lots of advice and answering any questions they may. Explain that by getting outside agencies in they too can give advice to staff and parents in the best ways to deal with the situation in order for their child to reach their full potential, and hold meetings in school if its more convenient for the parents/carers. Some parents or careers are very keen to take advantage of partnership opportunities how could you ensure that they remain positive about this? Don’t turn people away: try to accommodate what’s being offered. If it seems difficult work out what your restrictions are, the benefits of the offer and how a solution can be organised. Type of events ; requesting input: how do you know what parents want to be involved with? eg. their child/ren’s development, health, well-being, fundraising, resource suggestion, skill provision, learning activities. Methods of contact: do you overcome communication barriers and fit means of contact to suit a parent/carer: email, txt, large print, audio, send newsletters, post events on a website, have access to resources written/signed for additional language needs. Request feedback: how do you engage thoughts and feelings on things about to happen, that have happened, plans for the future. Explain the primary importance of carers in the lives of babies and young children Cypop1:5,1-They know their child the best, they know their likes and dislikes as well as their needs. They see them at night time and evening. Parents are the nurturers and should love and care for their children

“Nettles” by Vernon Scannell Essay

Nettles” by poet Vernon Scannell is a reflective poem based on the poet trying to protect his son from hurting himself in a nettle bed. I found this poem very emotional and touching and this is mainly why I chose to write about it. The poet reflects on his own experience to prove his point of view, and he achieves this, and I indent to analyse what point he is trying to convey in this poem. The poem is set in the poetÂ’s own garden, with the nettles hidden out of sight behind the shed. The young child (the poetÂ’s son) falls into the nettle bed, which causes him to cry as it hurt him. This poem is extremely effective as it means a lot more than just a boy falling into nettles. The message that the poet has expressed in this poem is that parents canÂ’t always protect there children no mater how hard they try. Also, it is very emotional, about the fatherÂ’s feelings for his son, which makes the poem very dramatical and more effective. The use of imagery in the poem effectively helps the poet get his message across. The poet uses different techniques to make the poem more interesting and seem more realistic. This helps us imagine the scene clearly and creates an atmosphere. “That regiment of spite behind the shed. It was no place for rest”The strong word “spite” emphasises how much malicious the nettles are, that they have a strong desire to hurt someone, in this case the young boy. Saying a “regiment of spite” links to battle, and the fact these nettles want to cause harm and pain, they are linked to war, as though they are soldiers. They are behind the shed, and this gives us thoughts on how sly they are. They lurk out of sight, and wait to attack. This tells us how merciless they are, rule and harmful. “No place for rest” is a very effective phrase to use here, as it is a nettle bed. “Bed” is associated with sleeping, resting and comfort, and to say nettle “bed” seems curious to the poet, as nettles are associated with nothing but pain discomfort and suffering. The poet clearly feels this is no place for sleeping or resting. “Went outside and slashed in fury with it, till not a nettle in that fierce  parade stood upright anymore.”The use of personification effectively illustrates the poetÂ’s message. We can clearly tell the poet is furious with the nettles, for hurting his child, as the words “slashed in fury” tell us this. “Fury” is a very strong word, and emphasizes how angry he feels. “Slashed” also suggest how fast he acts, and used with the words fury creates a sense of hatred towards the nettles, and we can imagine why. The nettles hear are described as a vicious army, the father seeks revenge on them, and clearly gains it as it is followed with “stood upright anymore”. This is like an army being defeated, lying dead on the ground, no longer standing tall. “But in two weeks the busy sun and rain had called up tall recruits behind the shed.”The poet has used metaphors in the poem to illustrate his message. Yet again, the nettles are referred to as though they are an army, and they have been called up to fight in a war. The fact they are described as “tall” makes them seem stronger, bolder and intimidating, the poet is trying to create an image of these nettles leering over the child. Also, they are concealed behind the shed, making them seem sly and cunning, ready to sneak out and hurt the boy when he least expects it. Therefore, the nettles have a much better advantage than him, so he will be much likely to be hurt again. Word choice is an important feature in this poem, as it helps us understand the poetÂ’s message. The poet cleverly uses words so we understand his message. This is very effective. Here is an example of word choice. “White blisters beaded on his tender skin”The poet has used efficient adjectives to describe the boyÂ’s skin. “White blisters” gives thoughts of pain. It makes us think of pain and suffering, which is good as that, is what the young boy feels. It is also tells us how young and vulnerable the child is, because “tender” suggests this. It also suggests how innocent and young he is, that he needs to be protected from the vicious nettles. Also, “blisters beaded”, tells us that the boy may be scared for life. This is a terrible experience for the boy and his father, and blisters could scar him, a reminder of this event. After the poet destroys the nettle bed he decides to set fire to them:“A funeral pyre to burn the fallen dead”This is very dramatic as it is a huge fire to burn dead people, or nettles in this case. He wants to burn the dead, because they harmed his son. This phrase is very effective is make us think of death and funerals, which is usually depressing, and nettles are depressing and harmful. Fallen dead is saying the nettles have finally been defeated, and are fell down. They are described as though they are humans, or solders dying. The poetÂ’s message is that you canÂ’t always protect your children. He has used an experience he and his son with the nettles to show this, because its tells us that he tried to protect his son, but in the last line of the poem, he said “my son would often fell sharp wounds again” which tells us his son is going to get harmed, no mater how hard he trys to protect him. In conclusion, nettle’s is a fantastic poem, which tells us about the poetÂ’s feelings, and him trying to protect his son. I have enjoyed this poem, because it is very effective and interesting.

Plato and Aristotle: An Analysis Essay

Determining the best form of political association was important to the ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle, and each of them expressed his opinion in important works such as the Republic and Politics. In explaining, comparing, and contrasting the political philosophies of Plato and Aristotle, it is evident that each of them shared the same goal of identifying and promoting the best form of political government. They also shared in common the same philosophy regarding the origins of a political state. The State arises, Plato says through Socrates in the Republic, â€Å"out of the needs of mankind. † (Plato) Aristotle agrees, and declares that the state is a political partnership that exists for purposes of self-sufficiency as well as for the sake of living well. In other words, the State exists in order to provide for the well-being of its citizens. Aristotle expresses this in Politics when he argues, â€Å"the good life is the purpose of the city-state. † (Aristotle) Furthermore, both Aristotle and Plato agreed that Man is by nature a political animal, because he has the ability to express his thoughts about justice. Their respective analyses reflected their respect for justice, and their elevation of it to the highest priority. In the Republic, Plato defines just political rule as a system in which each interest is satisfied to the proper extent and everyone has what is theirs. The philosophers have the knowledge they want; the warriors have the honors they want; and the commoners have the goods and pleasures they want, under the enlightened guidance of philosophers and warriors. The methods of Aristotle and Plato were similar in many ways. They both utilized logic, evaluations of contemporary politics, and lengthy comparisons of various types of political rule to arrive at their conclusions. As citizens of ancient Greece, they both shared much the same outlook on society, religion, morality, and politics. They also shared similar historical perspectives, and their perceptions of contemporary events were formed through the same philosophical context. One of the contrasts between their methods is that Plato used analogies to make his points. He examined a political state by comparing the state with the human soul. Unlike Aristotle, he also used a style of approach in which he made his points through dialogues involving Socrates. He also designed an ideal state run by people he referred to as â€Å"The Guardians† which differed from Aristotle’s approach in Politics, in which style and form more closely resembled an essay or monologue. In Politics, Aristotle emphasized that correct political rule involves pursuing policies which are to the common advantage of the most people. Aristotle reasoned that rulers who placed their own interests above everyone else’s had no political legitimacy, for their tyranny brought suffering upon their own people. Aristotle described the best forms of political rule as kingship, aristocracy and polity, and described the worst forms as tyranny, oligarchy and democracy. Plato was also harshly critical of tyranny, and described it in the Republic as, â€Å"not a matter of minor theft and violence, but of wholesale plunder, sacred and profane, private or public. † (Plato) Both men’s methods involved a comprehensive analysis of the consequences of each form of rule. Aristotle criticized Democracy because its consequences were rule by the multitude, which causes injustice. He criticized Oligarchy because its consequences were rule by the wealthy, which also causes injustice; and he criticized Tyranny because its consequences were dictatorship, which again causes injustice. In terms of the merits of the citizenry, Aristotle notes that the people may collectively be the best judges of certain things, so it is justified for them to take part in deliberations. But like Plato, he feels that the common people are not qualified to share in the highest offices. Both Plato and Aristotle also agree that laws need to be made in accordance with the regime, and agree that the more just a ruler is, the more just the laws will be. Essentially, both Aristotle and Plato asserted that the goal of politics should be justice. One difference between them is that Plato believed that the best claim to rule was education and virtue, although he conceded that there is also a claim to rule based on wealth and on numbers. Another difference is that Aristotle emphasized that the most important task for a leader was to be a lawgiver, and to frame the appropriate constitution for the city-state. In Aristotle’s system, it was the leader’s duty to provide enduring laws, customs, and institutions for the citizens. According to Aristotle, once the constitution was in place, the ruler needed to take the necessary steps to maintain it, to implement reforms when he considered them necessary, and to guard against any subversion of the political system. Aristotle’s emphasis on a constitution sets him apart from Plato, who considered philosopher kingship the best form of political rule. Aristotle described a constitution as â€Å"a certain ordering of the inhabitants of the city-state,† and as â€Å"the way of life† of the citizens. (Aristotle) He also speaks of the constitution of a community as â€Å"the form of the compound† and argues that whether the community is the same over time depends on whether it has the same constitution. (Aristotle) It should be noted that despite the fact that Aristotle’s political views were influenced by Plato, he was very critical of the ideal city-state set forth in Plato’s Republic. He based his criticism on the grounds that Plato’s ideal city-state overvalued political unity, embraced a system of communism that was impractical and inimical to human nature, and neglected the happiness of the individual citizens. In contrast, in Aristotle’s view of the ideal State each and every citizen would possess moral virtue and the equipment to carry it out in practice, and thereby attain a life of excellence and complete happiness. All of the citizens would hold political office and possess private property because â€Å"one should call the city-state happy not by looking at a part of it but at all the citizens. † (Aristotle) In conclusion, the ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle were both concerned with identifying and promoting the best form of political association. In works such as the Republic and Politics, they used similar methods of analysis to evaluate the best form of political rule. For Aristotle, the best form of political rule corresponded to the best way of life for a human being. Since the best way of life is living nobly and according to virtue, the best political form of rule is the one which promotes this kind of life. For Plato, the best form of political rule was Aristocracy, for it involves rule by the best people in the political community. Bibliography Aristotle. Politics. New York: Dover Publications, 2000. Plato. Republic. New York: Viking Press, 1955.

THE MOST SEVER THREAT WE FACE TODAY IS WATER SHORTAGE,DISCUSS Essay

THE MOST SEVER THREAT WE FACE TODAY IS WATER SHORTAGE,DISCUSS - Essay Example Instead, it signifies the increasingly growing problem of lack of potable water supply for the inhabitants of the world. With the sources of clean water dwindling and becoming harder to come by with each passing day, a severe water shortage in the future, possibly towards the middle of this current century, is seen by many experts as the most severe threat that we face as a member of the world population today. With our ever ballooning world population, our society is currently facing a problem in terms of finding and developing sustainable water sources that can help extend the current life cycle of our water sources. Climate change is fast drying up the liquid that can be found in our usual supply points such as rivers and oceans. It is believed that the worlds biggest rivers -- the Ganges Indus Brahmaputra, Yangtze Mekong, Salween, and Yellow rivers may be totally dried up by the year 2035. Such an event will have a direct effect on the world's biggest continent and could very wel l cause a chain reaction of natural calamities such as wild fires, hunger and famine, social conflict, war, and diseases 1. Global warming has turned our water supply situation into a terrifying reality that in the United States alone, the data sheets indicate that more than one third of the countries in the lower 48 will have to deal with a water supply shortage by mid century. This while more than 400 other countries will also have to deal with the international water supply shortage caused by global warming 2 (NRDC â€Å"Climate Change, Water and Risk†). Recent studies by the United Nations have clearly indicated that the water supply shortage that our world is currently experiencing has directly affected the lives of more than 1.2 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population 3 (United Nations â€Å"International Decade for Action 'Water for Life' 2005-2015†). This dire situation has become a reality due to the fact that there are quite a number o f countries that lack the necessary abilities with which to be able to harness the water streaming directly from rivers and aquifers. There has been a notable increase in the need for water in the 21st century stemming from agricultural needs for food to construction requirements for the building of homes and other necessary infrastructure for the survival of mankind. These heavy water requirements of our population has led to the twofold increase in the water requirements of the world's population. That is why although the world wide water shortage does not exist at the moment, there are still parts of the world that find themselves constantly lacking in water supply for their region. Keeping in mind the aforementioned facts about the way that we as a society use our existing water supply, it becomes easier to understand the causes of the water supply that we experience at one point or another in our lives. As human beings, we have begun to take our water supply for granted simply because we were told that our planet of composed mostly of water. It became a logical conclusion for us that since our planet is composed of 80 percent bodies of water at the very least, then we would not run out of water to supply our life sustaining requirements. Man has abused the water supply